Обсуждение:Социальный капитал
Social capital
Our book spells out the three kinds of capital that comprise professional capital:
- human capital (the talent of individuals);
- social capital (the collaborative power of the group);
- and decisional capital (the wisdom and expertise to make sound judgments about learners that are cultivated over many years).
That’s the vision of professional capital.
A simple but powerful study from Carrie Leana of the University of Pittsburgh helps to illustrate the idea of the relationship between human and social capital. She did a study in New York City with a sample of 130 elementary schools (Leana, 2011). She measured three things. She looked at human capital — the qualities of the individuals, their qualifications and competencies on paper. She measured social capital with questions like: To what extent do teachers in this school work in a trusting, collaborative way to focus on learning and the engagement and improvement of student achievement? And then she measured math achievement in September and June as an indicator of teachers’ impact.
- Leana C. R., Pil F. K. Social capital and organizational performance: Evidence from urban public schools //Organization Science. – 2006. – Т. 17. – №. 3. – С. 353-366.
- Leana, C.R. (2011, Fall). The missing link in school reform. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 9(4), 34.
Instead, if students are to show measurable and sustained improvement, schools must also foster what sociologists label “social capital” — the patterns of interactions among teachers.
At the same time, our findings strongly suggest that in trying to improve public schools we are overselling the role of human capital and innovation from the top, while greatly undervaluing the benefits of social capital and stability at the bottom.
