Ecological system
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: An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight.[1] It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment | : An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight.[1] It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment | ||
:: ”Biology Concepts & Connections Sixth Edition”, Campbell, Neil A. (2009), page 2, 3 and G-9. Retrieved 2010-06-14. | :: ”Biology Concepts & Connections Sixth Edition”, Campbell, Neil A. (2009), page 2, 3 and G-9. Retrieved 2010-06-14. | ||
+ | : "Any unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e.: exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within the system is an ecosystem." | ||
+ | :: Eugene Odum, a founder of ecology - Odum, EP (1971) Fundamentals of ecology, third edition, Saunders New York | ||
− | An ecosystem consisting of the living agents (community) and the non living components (environment) | + | An ecosystem consisting of the living agents (community) and the non living components (environment). |
+ | ; Reusable objects | ||
+ | : Reusable knowledge | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Knowledge ecosystem === | ||
+ | ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_ecosystem | ||
+ | : The idea of a knowledge ecosystem is an approach to knowledge management which claims to foster the dynamic evolution of knowledge interactions between entities to improve decision-making and innovation through improved evolutionary networks of collaboration. | ||
+ | : Like natural ecosystems, these knowledge ecosystems have inputs, throughputs and outputs operating in open exchange relationship with their environments. Multiple layers and levels of systems may be integrated to form a complete ecosystem. These systems consist of interlinked knowledge resources, databases, human experts, and artificial knowledge agents that collectively provide an online knowledge for anywhere anytime performance of organizational tasks | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Digital ecosystem === | ||
+ | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_ecosystem | ||
+ | : A Digital ecosystem is any distributed adaptive open socio-technical system, with properties of self-organisation, scalability and sustainability, inspired by natural ecosystems. | ||
+ | Digital ecosystems is an emerging research field, and so with healthy variations in its definition | ||
+ | === Software Ecosystem === | ||
+ | Метафора сообщества создателей программного обеспечения как экологической системы | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === References === | ||
+ | # David G. Messerschmitt and Clemens Szyperski (2003). Software Ecosystem: Understanding an Indispensable Technology and Industry. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262134322. | ||
+ | # Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman - http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Ecosystem | ||
+ | # Digital ecosystem http://www.digital-ecosystems.org/events/2005.05/de_position_paper_vf.pdf | ||
[[Категория:Вики]] | [[Категория:Вики]] | ||
[[Категория:Экология]] | [[Категория:Экология]] |
Текущая версия на 13:22, 1 марта 2011
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem
- An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight.[1] It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment
- ”Biology Concepts & Connections Sixth Edition”, Campbell, Neil A. (2009), page 2, 3 and G-9. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- "Any unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e.: exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within the system is an ecosystem."
- Eugene Odum, a founder of ecology - Odum, EP (1971) Fundamentals of ecology, third edition, Saunders New York
An ecosystem consisting of the living agents (community) and the non living components (environment).
- Reusable objects
- Reusable knowledge
Содержание |
[править] Knowledge ecosystem
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_ecosystem
- The idea of a knowledge ecosystem is an approach to knowledge management which claims to foster the dynamic evolution of knowledge interactions between entities to improve decision-making and innovation through improved evolutionary networks of collaboration.
- Like natural ecosystems, these knowledge ecosystems have inputs, throughputs and outputs operating in open exchange relationship with their environments. Multiple layers and levels of systems may be integrated to form a complete ecosystem. These systems consist of interlinked knowledge resources, databases, human experts, and artificial knowledge agents that collectively provide an online knowledge for anywhere anytime performance of organizational tasks
[править] Digital ecosystem
- A Digital ecosystem is any distributed adaptive open socio-technical system, with properties of self-organisation, scalability and sustainability, inspired by natural ecosystems.
Digital ecosystems is an emerging research field, and so with healthy variations in its definition
[править] Software Ecosystem
Метафора сообщества создателей программного обеспечения как экологической системы
[править] References
- David G. Messerschmitt and Clemens Szyperski (2003). Software Ecosystem: Understanding an Indispensable Technology and Industry. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262134322.
- Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman - http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Ecosystem
- Digital ecosystem http://www.digital-ecosystems.org/events/2005.05/de_position_paper_vf.pdf