Network literacy

Sayama H. et al. What are essential concepts about networks? // jcomplexnetw. 2016. Vol. 4, № 3. P. 457–474.

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280105127_What_are_essential_concepts_about_networks

Сетевая грамотность (содержание брошюры) - https://sites.google.com/a/binghamton.edu/netscied/about

Сетевая наука рассматривается образованием как средство объединения различных учебных дисциплин и привлечения внимания учеников к STEM

Базовые знания и умения необходимые для успешной в современном мире сложных систем и больших данных

• http://nysci.org/network-literacy-document-published/
  • As our world becomes increasingly connected through the use of networks that allow instantaneous communication and the spread of information, the degree of people’s understanding of how these networks work will play a major role in determining how much society will benefit from this heightened connectivity. In short, a networked society requires network literacy: basic knowledge about how networks can be used as a tool for discovery and decision-making, and about both their potential benefits and pitfalls, made accessible for all people living in today’s networked world. Moreover, because even young children interact with networks all day, every day, it is important that network literacy begins at a young age, and because networks are present in all aspects of contemporary life, the consideration of networks should be reflected throughout teaching practice in a cross-disciplinary manner. Yet despite the importance and ubiquity of networks, the study of networks is absent from current educational systems.

Базовые навыки науки о связности

Разработка учебных ресурсов, которые бы помогали ученикам формировать следующие навыки 21 века

1. Способность искать, выявлять и анализировать сетевые закономерности в окружающих системах.
2. Способность визуально отображать данные при помощи компьютерных программ .
3. Понимание того, модели изменились и сегодня они поддерживают исследовательские навыки, помогают выявлять общие закономерности в различных областях знаний.
4. Способность при помощи сетевого подхода преодолевать рамки отдельных дисциплин и сравнивать процессы, происходящие в различных областях знаний.
5. Способность уверенно работать с данными находить, очищать, обрабатывать данные и использовать подходящие аналитические методы для анализ больших количеств данных
6. Способность извлекать знания из данных, пользуясь семантическими и статистическими подходами
7. Понимание значения совместного использования данных, сотрудничества, совместимости инструментов и типов данных

Попытки преподавать науку о сетях

1. Harrington H.A. et al. Commentary: Teach network science to teenagers // Network Science. 2013. Vol. 1, № 2. P. 226–247.
2. Sánchez A., Brändle C. More network science for teenagers // arXiv:1403.3618 [physics]. 2014.

NETWORKS ARE EVERYWHERE

1. The concept of networks is broad and general, and it describes how things are connected to each other. Networks are present in every aspect of life. Концепция науки о сетях рассматривает взаимосвязанность вещей. Сети присутствуют во всем сферах нашей жизни.
2. There are networks that form the technical infrastructure of our society—e.g., communication systems, semantic systems, the Internet, electrical grids, the water supply, etc.
3. There are networks of people—e.g., families and friends, e-mail/text exchanges, Facebook/Twitter/Instagram, professional groups, etc.
4. There are economic networks—e.g., networks of products, financial transactions, corporate partnerships, international trades, etc.
5. There are biological and ecological networks—e.g., food webs, gene/protein interactions, neuronal networks, pathways of disease spreading, etc.
6. There are cultural networks—e.g., language/literature/art connected by their similarities, historical events linked by causal chains, religions connected by their shared roots, people connected to events, etc.
7. Networks can exist at various spatial

NETWORKS DESCRIBE HOW THINGS CONNECT AND INTERACT

1. There is a subfield of mathematics that applies to networks. It is called graph theory. Many networks can be represented mathematically as graphs.
2. Connections are called links, edges, or ties. The entities that are connected to each other are called nodes, vertices, or actors.
3. Connections can be undirected (symmetric) or directed (asymmetric). They can also indicate ties of different strengths, and can indicate either positive or negative relationships.
4. The number of connections of a node is called the degree of that node.
5. Many networks have more than one type of connection—e.g., offline friendships and Facebook connections, different modes of transportation, etc.
6. A sequence of edges that leads from one node, through other nodes, to another node is called a path.
7. A group of nodes within which a path exists from any one entity to any other entity is called a connected component. Some networks have multiple connected components that are isolated from each other.
8. Some networks are studied using mathematical structures that are more complicated than graphs.

Networ can help reveal patterns

1. You can represent something as a network by describing its parts and how they are connected to each other. Such a network representation is a very powerful way to study a system’s properties.
2. The properties in a network that you can study include:
   • how the degrees are distributed across nodes
   • which parts or connections are most important
   • strengths and/or weaknesses of the network
   • if there is any sub-structure or hierarchy
   • how many steps, on average, are needed to move from one node to another in the network
3. In some networks, you can find a small number of nodes that have much larger degrees than others. They are often called hubs.
4. In some networks, you can find a group of nodes that are better connected to each other than chance would dictate. They are sometimes called clusters or communities. Some of them can occupy a central, or core, part of a network.
5. Using these findings, you can sometimes infer how a network was formed and/or make predictions about dynamical processes on the network or about its future structure.

Visualizations can help providean understanding of networks

1. Networks can be visualized in many different ways.
2. You can draw a diagram of a network by connecting nodes to each other using edges.
3. There are a variety of tools available for visualizing networks.
4. Visualization of a network often helps to understand it and communicate ideas about connectivity in an intuitive, non-technical way.
5. Creative information design plays a very important role in making an effective visualization.
6. It is important to be careful when interpreting and evaluating visualizations, because they typically do not tell the whole story about networks.

Today’s Computer technology allows you to study realworld networks

1. Computer technology has dramatically enhanced the ability to study networks, and this is especially important for large ones with rich tructure.
2. There are many free software tools available for network visualization and analysis.
3. Using personal computers, everyone (not just scientists) can construct, visualize, and analyze networks.
4. Through the Internet, everyone has access to many interesting network data sets.
5. Computers allow you to simulate hypothetical or virtual networks, as well as to simulate dynamical processes on both real and hypothetical networks.
6. Learning computer literacy skills opens the door to myriad possibilities for a career. These include scientist, data analyst, software engineer, educator, web developer, media creator, and many others.

NETWORKS HELP YOU TO COMPARE A WIDE VARIETY OF SYSTEMS

1. Various kinds of systems, once represented as networks, can be compared to examine their similarities and differences.
2. Certain network properties commonly appear in many seemingly unrelated systems. This implies that there exist some general principles about connectivity that apply to multiple domains.
3. Other network properties are different in different systems. These properties can help to classify networks in different families and to gain insight into why they are different.
4. Science is typically conducted in separate areas of research called disciplines. Networks can help to cross disciplinary boundaries to achieve a holistic and more complete understanding of the world.
5. Networks can assist in the transfer of knowledg

The structure of a network can influence its state and vice versa

1. Network structure indicates how parts are connected in a network.
2. Network state indicates the properties of a network’s nodes and edges.
3. Network structure and state can each change over time.
4. The time scales on which network structure and state co-evolve can be either similar or different.
5. Network structure can influence changes of network state. Examples include the spread of diseases, behaviors, or memes in a social network, and traffic patterns on the road network in a city.
6. Network state can influence changes of network structure. Examples include the creation of new “following” edges in social media and the construction of new roads to address traffic jams.